See overcrowd on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/úp"
],
[
"*-er",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uber"
],
[
"ofer-",
"ofer-#Old_English"
],
[
"over-",
"over-#Middle_English"
],
[
"over-",
"over-#English"
],
[
"*grewt-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/grewt-"
],
[
"*krūdaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krūdaną"
],
[
"*krūdan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krūdan"
],
[
"crūdan",
"crudan#Old_English"
],
[
"crouden",
"crouden#Middle_English"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd#English"
],
[
"over-",
"over-#English"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "over-",
"4": "crowd",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Germanic *uber\nOld English ofer-\nMiddle English over-\nEnglish over-\nProto-Indo-European *grewt-der.\nProto-Germanic *krūdaną\nProto-West Germanic *krūdan\nOld English crūdan\nMiddle English crouden\nEnglish crowd\nEnglish overcrowd\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uber\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ofer-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"over-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"over-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*grewt-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"root\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krūdaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krūdan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"crūdan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"crouden\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"crowd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"overcrowd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"overcrowd\">\nFrom over- + crowd.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Germanic *uber\nOld English ofer-\nMiddle English over-\nEnglish over-\nProto-Indo-European *grewt-der.\nProto-Germanic *krūdaną\nProto-West Germanic *krūdan\nOld English crūdan\nMiddle English crouden\nEnglish crowd\nEnglish overcrowd\nFrom over- + crowd.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "overcrowds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "overcrowding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "overcrowded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "overcrowded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "overcrowd (third-person singular simple present overcrowds, present participle overcrowding, simple past and past participle overcrowded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with over-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "overcrowder"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
195,
204
]
],
"ref": "1961 January, “The North-East London electrification of the Great Eastern Line”, in Trains Illustrated, page 19:",
"text": "The host of business travellers between Bishops Stortford and London would scarcely take kindly to devious routing via the Southbury line; on the other hand, it is not desirable that they should overcrowd the business trains to and from Cambridge.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fill beyond reasonable limits, with people, animals, objects or information."
],
"id": "en-overcrowd-en-verb-VKIyZjav",
"links": [
[
"people",
"person"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"information",
"information"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pretăpkvam",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "претъпквам"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "túlzsúfol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "túlnépesít"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "affollare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "opuru"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zatłaczać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zatłoczyć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przepełniać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przepełnić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "sobrelotar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "superlotar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "amuchar demasiadamente"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-overcrowd.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-overcrowd.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-overcrowd.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "overcrowd"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "overcrowder"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*úp",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/úp"
],
[
"*-er",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r"
],
[
"*upér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér"
],
[
"*uber",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uber"
],
[
"ofer-",
"ofer-#Old_English"
],
[
"over-",
"over-#Middle_English"
],
[
"over-",
"over-#English"
],
[
"*grewt-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/grewt-"
],
[
"*krūdaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krūdaną"
],
[
"*krūdan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krūdan"
],
[
"crūdan",
"crudan#Old_English"
],
[
"crouden",
"crouden#Middle_English"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd#English"
],
[
"over-",
"over-#English"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "over-",
"4": "crowd",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Germanic *uber\nOld English ofer-\nMiddle English over-\nEnglish over-\nProto-Indo-European *grewt-der.\nProto-Germanic *krūdaną\nProto-West Germanic *krūdan\nOld English crūdan\nMiddle English crouden\nEnglish crowd\nEnglish overcrowd\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uber\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ofer-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"over-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"over-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*grewt-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"root\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krūdaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krūdan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"crūdan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"crouden\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"crowd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"overcrowd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"overcrowd\">\nFrom over- + crowd.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Germanic *uber\nOld English ofer-\nMiddle English over-\nEnglish over-\nProto-Indo-European *grewt-der.\nProto-Germanic *krūdaną\nProto-West Germanic *krūdan\nOld English crūdan\nMiddle English crouden\nEnglish crowd\nEnglish overcrowd\nFrom over- + crowd.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "overcrowds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "overcrowding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "overcrowded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "overcrowded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "overcrowd (third-person singular simple present overcrowds, present participle overcrowding, simple past and past participle overcrowded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *upér",
"English terms prefixed with over-",
"English terms with quotations",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
195,
204
]
],
"ref": "1961 January, “The North-East London electrification of the Great Eastern Line”, in Trains Illustrated, page 19:",
"text": "The host of business travellers between Bishops Stortford and London would scarcely take kindly to devious routing via the Southbury line; on the other hand, it is not desirable that they should overcrowd the business trains to and from Cambridge.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fill beyond reasonable limits, with people, animals, objects or information."
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"person"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"information",
"information"
]
]
}
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"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-overcrowd.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-overcrowd.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-overcrowd.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pretăpkvam",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "претъпквам"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "túlzsúfol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "túlnépesít"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "affollare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "opuru"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zatłaczać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zatłoczyć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przepełniać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przepełnić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "sobrelotar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "superlotar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to fill beyond reasonable limits",
"word": "amuchar demasiadamente"
}
],
"word": "overcrowd"
}
Download raw JSONL data for overcrowd meaning in All languages combined (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.